Definition
Host and network hardening refers to the process of securing computing systems and network infrastructure by reducing the attack surface. This involves disabling unnecessary services, removing unneeded software, and configuring security settings to minimize vulnerabilities. In practice, it means meticulously reviewing and modifying system configurations to eliminate potential entry points for attackers. This proactive approach is crucial for protecting sensitive data and maintaining operational integrity against cyber threats. For instance, removing default administrator accounts and changing default passwords on network devices is a common hardening technique. Unlike vulnerability scanning which identifies weaknesses, hardening actively mitigates them by implementing security controls. Understanding host and network hardening is essential for domains like cloud security and is tested on certifications such as the CCSP and AWS Security Specialty.