Definition
Identity and Access Management IAM is the framework of policies and technologies that ensures only authorized individuals can access specific resources. It controls who can see and do what within an organization's digital environment. IAM works by establishing user identities, authenticating those identities, and then authorizing access based on predefined roles and permissions. This process is crucial for protecting sensitive data, maintaining regulatory compliance, and preventing unauthorized system modifications. For instance, IAM ensures that a marketing team member can access customer relationship management software but not the company's financial records. Unlike simple password management, IAM encompasses a comprehensive lifecycle of user access, from initial onboarding to offboarding. This concept is fundamental to cybersecurity domains and appears on exams like CompTIA Security+ and CISSP.