Definition
Integrity refers to the assurance that data or systems have not been altered or destroyed in an unauthorized manner. It ensures that information remains accurate, complete, and trustworthy throughout its lifecycle. This principle is maintained through various security controls that prevent unauthorized modifications, deletions, or additions. Ensuring data integrity is crucial for making sound decisions, maintaining compliance, and protecting sensitive information from corruption. For instance, using cryptographic hashing to verify file integrity prevents attackers from subtly altering critical system files. This concept is often contrasted with confidentiality, which focuses on preventing unauthorized disclosure. You will encounter integrity concepts extensively in cybersecurity domains like CompTIA Security+ and in cloud security certifications such as AWS Certified Security Specialty.