Definition
Scanning is the process of systematically examining a system, network, or application to identify vulnerabilities, misconfigurations, or unauthorized access points. It involves using automated tools or manual techniques to probe for weaknesses that could be exploited by malicious actors. This proactive approach is crucial for understanding an organization's security posture and for implementing necessary defenses before an attack occurs. For instance, a network administrator might scan a subnet to discover all active devices and their open ports. Scanning differs from port scanning, which specifically looks for open network ports, by encompassing a broader range of security checks. This concept is frequently assessed in cybersecurity certifications like CompTIA Security+ and CySA+.