Definition
Vulnerability scanning is an automated process that identifies security weaknesses in computer systems, networks, and applications. It works by using specialized tools to probe for known vulnerabilities, misconfigurations, and missing patches. Performing regular vulnerability scans is crucial for proactively identifying and mitigating potential security threats before they can be exploited. For instance, a scan might detect an outdated web server version with a known exploit. Unlike penetration testing, which actively attempts to exploit vulnerabilities, scanning primarily focuses on detection. This concept is fundamental in cybersecurity domains covered by certifications like CompTIA Security+ and CySA+.