Definition
A black hat refers to an individual or group who engages in malicious cyber activities with harmful intent. These actors exploit vulnerabilities in systems, networks, and applications to steal data, disrupt operations, or cause financial damage. Black hats operate outside legal and ethical boundaries, often seeking personal gain or to cause widespread chaos. For instance, a black hat might launch a ransomware attack, encrypting a company's files and demanding payment for their release. This differs from a white hat hacker, who uses similar techniques for defensive purposes with explicit permission. Understanding black hat tactics is crucial for cybersecurity professionals preparing for certifications like Security+ and CISSP.