Definition
Negotiation is a collaborative process where two or more parties discuss and reach an agreement on terms, conditions, or solutions that satisfy their respective needs. It involves active listening, clear communication, and a willingness to compromise to find mutually acceptable outcomes. This process is crucial for resolving conflicts, managing expectations, and ensuring project success by aligning stakeholders. For instance, a project manager might negotiate scope changes with a client to manage budget constraints. It differs from simple decision making in that it requires interaction and agreement between distinct parties, not just internal deliberation. Negotiation is a key skill tested on the PMP, CAPM, and PMI-ACP certifications.